How to care for cardinal tetras?

Cardinal tetras (Paracheirodon axelrodi) are often considered the crowning jewel of freshwater aquariums. Known for their vibrant red and iridescent blue stripes, these stunning fish are a favorite among seasoned aquarists. Whether you're looking to add a splash of color to your tank or you're captivated by their graceful schooling behavior, cardinal tetras are worth every bit of effort. Here’s everything you need to know to keep these exquisite fish happy and healthy.

What Are Cardinal Tetras?

Cardinal tetras originate from the northern rivers of South America, particularly in Brazil, Venezuela, and Colombia. They are easily recognizable by their bright red stripe running horizontally from eye to tail, coupled with a luminous blue stripe that remains visible even under low light conditions. While they may be shy initially, cardinal tetras quickly adapt and thrive in well-established schools.

Differences Between Cardinal, Neon, and Green Neon Tetras

Though cardinal, neon, and green neon tetras share similarities, distinct differences set them apart:

• Cardinal Tetra: The largest, reaching up to 1.75 inches (4 cm) with a full-length red stripe.

• Neon Tetra: Smaller at 1.25 inches (3 cm) with a red stripe starting mid-body.

• Green Neon Tetra: The smallest at 1 inch (2.5 cm) with a turquoise stripe and minimal red.
  

Setting Up an Aquarium for Cardinal Tetras

Cardinal tetras thrive in slow-moving waters with ample vegetation, mimicking their natural habitat. Here's how to set up an ideal tank:

• Tank Size: A minimum of 15-20 gallons for a school of 8-10 tetras.

• Water Conditions: pH levels of 4.0–7.5, soft to moderate hardness, and temperatures between 73-84°F (23-29°C).

• Decor: Include live plants, leaf litter, and driftwood to provide hiding spots and mimic their natural environment.
  

Suitable Tank Mates

Cardinal tetras are peaceful fish that coexist well with other non-aggressive species. Ideal tank mates include:

• Top Dwellers: Pencilfish, hatchetfish.

• Bottom Dwellers: Corydoras catfish, kuhli loaches.

• Algae Eaters: Snails, otocinclus, bristlenose plecos.

• Other Peaceful Species: Betta fish (with calm dispositions), adult dwarf shrimp (in a well-established colony).
  

Feeding Cardinal Tetras

In their natural habitat, cardinal tetras are micropredators, feeding on tiny crustaceans, insect larvae, and zooplankton. In captivity, they accept a variety of foods:

• Prepared Foods: Crushed flakes, nano pellets, freeze-dried tubifex worms.

• Live and Frozen Foods: Daphnia, frozen cyclops, live baby brine shrimp. A varied diet ensures they receive all necessary nutrients for optimal health.
  

Breeding Cardinal Tetras

Breeding cardinal tetras can be challenging but rewarding. Here's a brief guide:

• Breeding Tank: Use a 5-10 gallon tank with acidic pH below 6.0, low GH, and temperatures in the low 80s°F (27-29°C).

• Spawning Setup: Add catappa leaves and a spawning mop, covered with craft mesh to protect the eggs from adult fish.

• Breeding Process: Condition the fish with high-protein foods. Place the best-looking male and egg-laden female in the breeding tank, or a group if sexing is difficult. Keep the tank dark, and remove adults once eggs are laid.

• Raising Fry: Eggs hatch in 1-3 days, and fry become free-swimming in 3-4 days. Feed them infusoria, live vinegar eels, and baby brine shrimp.
  

Conclusion

Cardinal tetras are a visually striking addition to any aquarium, bringing vibrant colors and dynamic schooling behavior. With the right care and environment, these fish can thrive and bring endless joy to their keepers. Whether you're a beginner or a seasoned aquarist, the cardinal tetra is a species that’s truly worth the investment.

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